Philosophy, theory and ethics in property Essay

Philosophy, theory and ethics in property - Essay Example It may be noted that the decline of traditional industries and population drift has left many properties surplus to requirement. Dilapidated and unmanaged empty buildings naturally create an atmosphere in which crime and vandalism can flourish; making the neighbourhoods less popular. Where older buildings have outlived their useful life demolition is the only viable option to provide more promising areas with the green spaces and rooms for parking, which is the modern requirement. Though it is essential to build new homes or business establishments, we must utilise the existing stock and provide opportunity to continue the business and job opportunity to the original occupants. Encouraging a mix of uses is the core of sustainable and vibrant communities as people living in town centres bring custom to shops and other businesses which will prevent the empty space becoming deserted and potentially unsafe at night. In this context private sector can play an important role in constructiv e utilisation of land, property, and resources to deliver better service to the society. When considering a property for development and converting into retail commercial units the potential for conflict of interest between commercial and residential use needs to be considered. Once the property has been identified the developer will need to carry out a basic feasibility study, looking at the likely costs against expected revenue and increase in property value, to determine whether or not the scheme is going to be financially viable. Service of residential agents can provide individual inspections of buildings, feasibility report for viable conversion, and help bring empty properties back into use. An application for listed building consent has to be submitted to the local planning authority before going for changes that affect character of the building and the premises. It is also necessary to adhere to local guidelines on demolition of old buildings, taking prior permission from the authority and stake holders, if any, and approving development plan. There is a growing importance for regional level planning due to growing scale of daily life, particularly in the major urban regions; the increasing need to integrate planning of urban and rural area; and more pluralistic societies. It may be seen that along with population growth there is increasing demand for mobility, accessibility, and redefined quality of place, which necessitate more effective planning aimed at nature preservation, water management, sustainable environment, and cultural heritage. Societal developments are now connected with international developments and a new balance is needed between city and countryside, between nature and landscape, between infrastructure and environment, and regional and international development. An integrated approach to sustainable development will enable efficient, effective, consistent, and coordinated input plans and strategies to address rural issues that incorporate natural, built and historic environment into the strategies and p lans. "The Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004 introduces fundamental changes to the planning system" (van den Berg, 2005). It necessitates spatial structure of vital, but uncontrollable, metropolises to be improved for accommodating multicultural/multiethnic populations, new economic systems, and modern lifestyles. Thus, major actors involved in spatial planning

Appropriateness, Reinforcement, Preferences and Transformation Essay Example for Free

Appropriateness, Reinforcement, Preferences and Transformation Essay Question: According to Eunson (2006, p.15) there are four main criteria to be considered when choosing the medium/s of communication to best articulate an argument: Appropriateness, Reinforcement, Preferences and Transformation. Select one of the criteria and discuss its importance to a communication situation. Any successful communication process requires the presence of a message, appropriate medium   and the desired message’s effect on the receiver.   Ã‚  To effect success in communication, it is important to use a suitable medium based on the Preferences criterion. Modern technologies have greatly facilitated human communication. However, as Priestley’s Paradox illustrates, people get to actually communicate less as communication technologies further advance (Eunson 2006, p.4). Hence, for effective communication, it is more important to consider the message and the effect of that message on the receiver (Eunson 2006, p.7). The successful transfer of message and its effect, however, largely depends on the communication mode used or â€Å"preferred†. The medium is crucial to the effect of a message because as emphasized by Marshall McLuhan (Lister 2003), â€Å"societies have always been shaped more by the nature of the media† . In other words, the medium is the message. A case in point would be a Human Resource Department in an office where the HR Manager normally ‘prefers’ communicating with his staff through memos and e-mail notifications. But being a smart manager, he or she will not hesitate to utilize other media as needed, according to the importance of the message and the desired effect to the recipients. He or she may ‘prefer’ to personally discuss an individual’s unsatisfactory ‘Performance Assessment Report’, earlier sent as is via individual e-mail, through   one-on-one review. The richness of media (Daft Lengel 1986, p.557) effected by direct face-to-face discussion is ‘preferred’ to the e-mail channel, which in this case plays a secondary role as preparatory medium of documentation. Herein, interpersonal communication appropriate to a small group (Baker, Barrett Roberts 2002, p.11), is considered and selected to amplify the Report’s â€Å"warning† content with the goal of effecting the desired change in the staffer’s behaviour. Exploring â€Å"Preferences† in choosing media is vital to effectively convey the message. Since the medium, which helps shape the content, is mostly the message itself and that the message’s effect on the receiver is affected by the medium, selecting the suitable channel from a range of Preferences becomes crucial to any effective communication.    Bibliography Baker, E. Barrett, M. Roberts, L 2002, Working Communication, John Wiley Sons Australia Ltd., Milton Qld. Daft, R. L. and Lengel, R. H. 1986 â€Å"Organizational Information Requirements, Media Richness and Structural Design,† Management Sci., Vol. 32, No.5, pp. 554–571. Eunson, B. 2006, Communicating in the 21st Century, John Wiley Sons, Australia Ltd., Milton Qld. Lister, M 2003, New Media: A Critical Introduction, Routledge, London.

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Hydrogen Energy Environmental Sciences Essay

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Hydrogen Energy Environmental Sciences Essay Hydrogen is a combination of the Greek words Hydro and Genes meaning water and generator. It is the first element in the periodic table. Hydrogen is the main component of water, which covers over 60% of the planets surface. 1Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the world, although it also exists as a free gas on Earth. Currently hydrogen is produced mainly from fossil fuels for industrial purposes in petroleum refining, chemical production, metal manufacturing and electronics production. Hydrogen technologies are the technologies will associate with the production use of hydrogen. Hydrogen technology is the key to the advancement and improvement of fuel cells running on natural gas for domestic combined heat and power systems and for the distribution of electricity. Hydrogen technologies can replace incompetent traditional combustion technologies which waste up to 2 / 3 of the fuel used. There are different ways of making hydrogen in the UK. The most inexpensive way is to convert natural gas into hydrogen by a process called reformation. The Reforming of natural gas into a hydrogen produces CO2 but no more than burning it. However, using the hydrogen in a hydrogen fuel cell or using the natural gas itself in a natural gas fuel cell .The best use from natural gas is to use it as in fuel cells, either directly or reforming it into hydrogen. 2.2 FUEL CELL A fuel cell integrates hydrogen with oxygen from the air in a chemical reaction, producing electricity. 7 One of the fuel cell types is for transport, (the proton exchange membrane fuel cell and it consists of two electrodes, and it is separated by a membrane. ) 2.3 UK DEVELOPMENT PATH Hydrogen use in the UK start with transport particularly for fuelling fleet vehicles and buses. U.K. Technology Strategy Board (TSB) Awards  £9m to Aid Hydrogen Fuel Cell Development Source : Energy technology companies are set to receive  £9 million of funding for projects involving fuel cells and hydrogen technologies, it was announced today (August 28). The government sponsored Technology Strategy Board (TSB) is to invest the money, along with a further  £500,000 from government agency the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), into nine hydrogen fuel cell projects. 8Airbus to take off with fuel cell auxiliary power October 9, 2009 by Lisa Sibley, Cleantech Group UK-based Intelligent Energy says its technology is expected to help the French aircraft manufacturer reduce emissions and decrease fuel consumption 9Hydrogen fuel cell hybrid buses to hit the road in Sunderland 10 November 2009 Two hydrogen fuel cell hybrid buses are set to hit the streets of Sunderland, UK as part of a unique RD program that is bringing Chinese expertise to the region. The UK regional development agency One North East has invested  £314  000 (US$523  000) to sponsor the ECO2Trans hydrogen buses project, which is converting two electric Gulliver U500EUK buses into hydrogen vehicles using a fuel cell, battery and capacitor combination. 4The hydrogen fuel cell buses being introduced  in London will use an electric motor, with the hydrogen stored in tanks on the roof. 3. infrastructure FOR a hydrogen economy IN the UK 7An infrastructure is defined as a collection of technologies that are connected together in a specified way and are grouped into the following five categories: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ sources of energy à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ conversion (including compression) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ fuel transportation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ storage à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ demand. The technical model of hydrogen infrastructures developed on a nodal network structure. Transporting hydrogen is a very important part of the cost of the transfered product. The design of infrastructure includes the gas pipelines and rail lines for delivering inputs for producing hydrogen that will be an integral part of the delivery system. The main challenges in achieving the best delivery system include selection of the site for hydrogen production and establishing a possible transportation network.The hydrogen infrastructure in the UK was evaluate current and potential hydrogen production and storage options. The key findings of the research were that there are three main areas where hydrogen is produced at a commercial scale. These areas are the Northwest of England, Teeside (England)and South Wales. The infrastructure scenarios focus on two hydrogen production technologies-steam reforming of natural gas and electrolysis of water-and the different scales at which such plant can be installed. The majority of hydrogen is produced by stream reformation of natural gas, although a proportion of worldwide hydrogen is produced as a by-product of Ethylene production via cracking. Most Liquid hydrogen is also imported from France, however it is very expensive. In the short to medium term, the available gas production and supply system is incapable of supporting a major expansion of the use of hydrogen in fuel cell . 11Hydrogen infrastructure for refuelling London buses. Imperial College London is examining transition strategies for a hydrogen infrastructure for vehicle refueling in London under a project funded by the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC). Imperial has five project partners from industry and local government to assist in this study: the Greater London Authority (GLA), BP, BOC, BMW and Air Products.

Best Man Wedding Speech with Many Jokes -- Wedding Toasts Roasts Speec

Best Man Wedding Speech with Many Jokes The moment has arrived?. its time for a little character assassination?.. and as Kyle best man?.. its my opportunity to slate him. Although, as Henry the Eighth said to each of his wives?.. I wont keep you long Having never done this before, I really didn?t know how long my speech should last General opinion suggests it should last about as long as it takes the groom to make love, so?.. (hand gesture) Thank you and good night. If only I was joking. When Kyle first asked me to be his best man, I thought it would be a terrific honour, But, as time has gone by I?ve realised that being best man is alot like making love to princess Ann, it?s a great honour, but you wish to god someone else was doing it. About Groom Now, all the books tell me I shouldn?t just slate him? which makes it difficult, I must tell you a bit about him, and mention his good points as well (I?m told) Kyle was born on In the same year?.. British Decimal Coins were introduced The first Kodak Instamatic camera was produced The boing 747 and concorde made their first flights? Test tube fertilisation of human egg. and Scientists designed the epidural injection to ease the pain of child birth, fascinating Interestingly enough, in September 1968, soon after Kyle was born, family planning soon became widely available Believe it or not Kyle did go to school, bu... ...es and gentlemen Id like you to raise your glassesto the bar staff! Being serious for one moment we should not forget the new Mr & Mrs (C). To you both I say?.. May your love be modern enough to survive the times?. and old fashioned enough to last forever. Today is a day when each of us wishes the happy couple well. Being human (and living with Kyle) they will have their disagreements. Life being what it is, there will be sad moments as well as glad. Yet I know that tonight, we are all wishing them happiness and health in those years to come. And so my last task (before I can really enjoy a drink) is to propose a toast will you all please raise your glasses to the new Mr & Mrs ___________

Italo Calvino’s “Nonexistent Knight” Essay

The central characters introduced in Italo Calvinos novella, The Nonexistent Knight, are curiously diverse, yet each readily identifiable as each are driven or defined by particular quirks. In Agilulf Emo Bertrandin of the Guildivern and of the Others of Corbentraz and Sura, Knight of Selimpia Citeriore and Fez we see order and willpower, in Raimbaut of Roussillon theres passion, in the periwinkle female knight Bradamante is desire and pride, in Torrismund a need to belong, and in Gurdiloo nothing, naught but empty thoughts being filled and then emptied on whim. I find, however, that our narrator (and proclaimed writer of this knightly tale), Sister Theodora, personifies a certain idea of her own, she is wishful thinking and the story she weaves (and claims to have been a part of) is wish fulfilment; I posit that this story of hers is all the end result of a restless imagination at work and she is not Bradamante, Bradamante is Sister Theodoras insert of herself into her story world. Our first order of business is clarifying just what I have in mind when mentioning a self-insert, or anything of the like. There is a trend among the more enthusiastic fans of various media (especially television, books, comics, and video games) to expand the world of whichever specific title about which they are so passionate, usually fleshing out such worlds through acts of writing their own spins on what happened before, during or after the existing story; this is generally dubbed fanfiction and this is where the term self-insert has been coined, though such a device is not exclusive to derivative works, nor is it as recent a phenomenon. Put simply, a self-insert is a character placed within the context of a story that is meant to represent the writer as he or she is or to represent the writer as he or she would like to see himself/herself, something akin to an author surrogate. As Ive written, this technique is hardly a new one, writers as far back as Dante Alighieri have been placing themselves into their stories, but the name for it in terms of wish fulfilment storytelling is rather new. That aside, from the start of the novella, there has been what I had initially thought to be intentional comedic discrepancies by a neutral third person perspective in the manner Charlemagnes military operated. Chapter one introduces the paladins of Charlemagne as the emperor himself reviews the  company in a lax fashion, chapter two sees the invisible knight, Agilulf, directs young Raimbaut to the Superintendency of Duels, Feuds, and Besmirched Honor (a comically bureaucratic system for conducting vengeance) when the boy asks how he should go about avenging his fallen father (14). Further on, when Torrismund announces that the young woman Agilulf had rescued from rape was not a virgin, a peculiar chivalric practice is addressed: to rescue a noble-birthed virgins chastity was immediate access to knighthood, but to rescue a noblewoman whose maidenhood was no longer in tact would only earn an inflated pay (78). Historically, the process of becoming a knight was a long one beginning quite early in youth and required a young man to undergo many stages in his training; he would begin as early as 6 years of age as a page (a waiter or personal servant of a noble) and learn basics in courtesy, polished manners, hunting, weapons, and much more. By fourteen at the earliest, the boy would then become a squire and would be taken under the guidance of (while serving) a knight, and once the squire had honed his skills and learned his lessons well, he would then be dubbed a knight (medieval-life.net). Once the erroneous explanation of knighting is given, however, we already know something integral to the story: in chapter four, the perspective shifts from third person to first as a narrator of sorts reveals herself as Sister Theodora, the writer of this tale, and from there the discrepancies begin to make sense; the tale is written by a cloistered nun, how is she to understand military procedure?Beyond just the absurdities behind some of the happenings in Charlemagnes assembly of paladins, the title character, Agilulf, is an oddity all his own. He is a knight who does not exist in any physical form but is a thought, or rather, he is thought itself and this disembodied voice and willpower occupy a pristine white suit of armor while in service for the emperor. While we cannot truly prove that a thought cannot be a living form of its own walking about the earth unseen, to portray such an idea as possible is quite a fantastical move and as such lends to the fairytale quality of this narrative. So we have in the character of Agilulf, a heavy element of fantasy, from his lack of physical existence to his perfection in all he does. Now we come to a definite head-turner in the tale, the proud and beautiful princess-turned-knight, Bradamante. Bradamantes case isnt one like that of Jeanne dArc where she is a woman secretly and merely playing the role of a man, Bradamante is very openly female and is pined after by the paladins of the order. Her sexual exploits are not secret, nor is her nearly impossible true desire in a man and shes a master in combat and weaponry; all around, Bradamante stands out blatantly as a woman during a medieval time. While orders of female knights were not entirely unheard of, such occurrences were rare. The Order of the Hatchet is the only female order about which a great deal of information is known, and of the few instances when women were permitted knighthood, this order was the only one whose women saw the combat privileges that male knights received. The Order of the Hatchet was formed in Catalonia by the count of Barcelona in recognition of the women who fought in defense of their town while under attack from the Moors. These women received other knightly privileges besides combat, they received tax exemption and also had precedence over men in public gatherings (hereldica.org), though nothing else was heard of this order beyond the original members, so presumably the order died with the original members. Regardless of this miniscule instance of female knights, this order was formed in the 1100s, while Bradamante would have been in the military sometime in between 768 and 814 AD, as this was the time of Charlemagnes rule over the Franks making her existence as a knight in real-world possibilities sketchy at best. It is through the character of Bradamante, however, that my assertion comes together; Sister Theodoras tale is just that, a mere tale and not factual recordings as she had seen it. By the time we have reached the novellas end at chapter twelve, a complicated journey has reached its end as each character (sans Bradamante and Raimbaut) finds their own resolution. Bradamante has captured the attention and heart of young Raimbaut, but does not return the sentiments, rather she travels the land over in a rather desperate attempt to locate the only man who has ever won her difficult-to-please heart, Agilulf. Bradamante disappears for year upon learning of Agilulfs collapse and finding Raimbaut in the vanished knights white armor, and Raimbaut pursues her but what has become of the female  knight? Sister Theodora employs a twist in her tale when she reveals herself to be none other than the proud Bradamante, hiding in the abbey for years in mourning for Agilulf and now desiring the love o f Raimbaut, who she frantically writes is waiting for her outside the convent. It is here that I feel Bradamantes role as Sister Theodoras self-insert comes into full play. Theodora says early in the novella that writing is her penance, now at the end she says this tale that has been her task to write was one she experienced for herself and that she still has had many other adventures for which punishment she was tasked to record. Im certain, however, that the writing punishment for Sister Theodora is along the lines of the philosophy that idle hands are the devils work. No doubt, she has a colourful imagination and is more than likely prone to daydream, and this coupled with the lack of proper military procedure and Theodoras claim as being the talented, fierce, beautiful, and loved princess-come-knight, Bradamante, leaves no doubt in my mind that the story of the Nonexistent Knight told from her narrative was pure fabrication on the good Sisters behalf. Works Cited Calvino, Italo. The Nonexistent Knight. Harcourt Brace. 1962†³Medieval Life.† 2000. 13 Nov. 2007.. Veld, Franà §oise. Women Knights. 21 Oct. 2005. 13 Nov. 2007.

Oscillation and Periodic Motion in Physics

Oscillation and Periodic Motion in Physics Oscillation refers to the repeated back and forth movement of something between two positions or states. An oscillation can be a periodic motion that repeats itself in a regular cycle, such as a sine wave- a wave with perpetual motion as in the side-to-side swing of a pendulum, or the up-and-down motion of a spring with a weight. An oscillating movement occurs around an equilibrium point or mean value. It is also known as periodic motion. A single oscillation is a complete movement, whether up and down or side to side, over a period of time. Oscillators An oscillator is a device that exhibits motion around an equilibrium point. In a pendulum clock, there is a change from potential energy to kinetic energy with each swing. At the top of the swing, potential energy is at maximum, and that energy is converted to kinetic energy as it falls and is driven back up the other side. Now again at the top, kinetic energy has dropped to zero, and potential energy is high again, powering the return swing. The frequency of the swing is translated via gears to mark time. A pendulum will lose energy over time to friction if the clock isnt corrected by a spring. Modern timepieces use the vibrations of quartz and electronic oscillators, rather than the movement of pendulums. Oscillating Motion An oscillating motion in a mechanical system is swinging side to side. It can be translated into a rotary motion (turning around in a circle) by a peg-and-slot. Rotary motion can be changed to oscillating motion by the same method. Oscillating Systems An oscillating system is an object that moves back and forth, repeatedly returning to its initial state after a period of time. At the equilibrium point, no net forces are acting on the object. This is the point in the pendulum swing when its in a vertical position. A constant force or a restoring force acts on the object to produce the oscillating motion. Variables of Oscillation Amplitude is the maximum displacement from the equilibrium point. If a pendulum swings one centimeter from the equilibrium point before beginning its return journey, the amplitude of oscillation is one centimeter.Period is the time it takes for a complete round trip by the object, returning to its initial position. If a pendulum starts on the right and takes one second to travel all the way to the left and another second to return to the right, its period is two seconds. ​Period is usually measured in seconds.Frequency is the number of cycles per unit of time. Frequency equals one divided by the period. Frequency is measured in Hertz, or cycles per second. Simple Harmonic Motion The motion of a simple harmonic oscillating system- when the restoring force is directly proportional to that of the displacement and acts in the direction opposite to that of displacement- can be described using sine and cosine functions. An example is a weight attached to a spring. When the weight is at rest, its in equilibrium. If the weight is drawn down, theres a net restoring force on the mass (potential energy). When its released, it gains momentum (kinetic energy) and keeps moving beyond the equilibrium point, gaining potential energy (restoring force) that will drive it in oscillating down again. Sources and Further Reading Fitzpatrick, Richard. Oscillations and Waves: An Introduction, 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2019.  Mittal, P.K. Oscillations, Waves and Acoustics. New Delhi, India: I.K. International Publishing House, 2010.